Improvement in type-writing machines



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

ma. MORGAN. TYPE-WRITING MACHINE;

No.173,658, Patented Feb. 15,1876.

I wax/ ar 122mm- NIEIERSVA PHOTO-LITHQGRAPHER, WASHINGTON. D C,

. a Sheets-Sheet z. e. a. MORGAN. TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

No.173,65a, 'Pat'e tear'eb. 15,1876.

all wan-m 1/ r I 11% r I l I g N MPEIERS. PM()1'0-LITHOGRAPNERA WASHINGTON. (LC,

, 3 ShetsSheet 3-. G. H. MORGAN. TYPE-WRITING MACHINE;

'" No.173,658. Patented Feb.15,1876.

N. PETERS. PHOTp-LITHOcRAPHER, WASHIN'TON, D. c.

"of Uhrichsville, in the countyyof ITED STATES en-ones H MORGAN, OFUHRIOHSVILLE, OHIO.

' mPRo /EMENT iNrvPe-wm'rmc; MACHINES,

Specification forming-partof Letters Pate1itNo.] 7 3 ,658 dated February 15, 18 6;

November 13,1875.

application filed Be it known that I, GEORGE H. MORGAN, Tuscarawas and State of Ohio, have invented certain new i and useful Improvements in Type Writing and Printing Machines and. I do hereby declarej that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it "appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference narkedthereon, whichferm a part'of this specification 1 My inventionfrelates to the artof type;

writiu g or priutin g; and consists in a new and nnproved machine by means ofwhichEalphaibetical characters are printed with dueregardy to their difference in size and the space which they oticupy'that is,properl y spaced, or with l proper spaces betweenthe letters, or each of them, and'hetween each word, and with mechanism so arranged that the spaces be; tween the lettersmay be increased or (limit):

ished, as occasionvrequires; also, in=a machine hym'eans of which the different varieties of types, signs, numerals, andlotl er cliaracters used in ordinary printing, may be used with-v out having to'set up the type in tixed forms 1 before printing therefrom, the machine printing the required letter or series of letters, or

3 other signpdirjectly upon the paper from adjustable type carried on a wheel, the blow of the printinghammer or platen and'ihe movement or adjustment ofthe paper beingeffected by one and the same operatiomthrough" "the instrumentality of mechanism moved by any suitable power, and operated or, controlled by finger-keys,all asfliereinnfter more fully j setforth,

In the accompanyiu Fig. 3 a vertical sectional view Fig.4 is a side the lever for operating the printing-hammer. Figs. 15-aud' 16 show operating-rods of modifiedform.

sents the maiushaft of the machine, journaled port. B is a cylinder, mounted on or keyed to formed on it,for the-purpose of receiving'a. band, for operation by power derived from cylinder iorlthereception of a series of rods, D, :which \may be or the "same orl difiere'nt ient. The ends of these rods D project beyond the end of the cylinder opposite to the forth. The rods D have projections, tlhjon a series of annular grooves, E, formed in the peripheryof the cylinder, into which grooves whole seri around the cylinder. The inner ends of with two rectangular grooves, d and d, each clearly shown in the drawings-that} is tosay,

beveledface, (1 and the groove dT-a corregrooves, E iE", formed in the-cylinder, the

with grooves E and E when the rods are at rest, and the ibeveled iaces d and d .j'respectively, occupying the grooves E and E' when sponding in number with, the grooves and rods D. These rods F are pivoted at oneend Fig. 1 1 is ajdetached viewof the cum end of s Referring to the parts by letters, A repre- .in suitable bear-in gs on any proper frameorsupthe shaft A so as to revolvewith it, and it may have a band-pulley, 71, secured to or mechanism or other source, represents a 1 series of longitudinal grooves formed. in the) lengths, as foundmost desirableor convem band-pulley, and are provided with springs d, whic'h holdfthein in position whenlnot op er ated on, and stops d on the cylinder prevent their coming out too'far, as hereinafter set their upper sides, atpoints corresponding with they project while the rodsareat rest, the es being arranged on a spiral line rods D are madereetaugular in their cro ss sections, and provided havinga beveled slide or face atone side, as

the grooved, having at'its side an inclined or spoiidingly-inclined face, d! fllhesejgrooves, r l l and bevele'd' faces correspond with twoannular i g drawings, Figure 1 is; a top-planview of inykimproved type-writing machine. Fig. 2 is a plan view with the paper carrying and operating mechanism ri-j moved. 1 with paper-carrie; removed.

' rooves d ztll-d at being, res ectivel in a line i therods are drawn inwardfii'n the leourseof operation. The object of this part of the device will be more fully described hereinafter. F represents a seriesof rods or bars, correhetween lugs of brackets f, which are held in i the roller.

to slide the ink-roller back and forth on the shaft 1?, and the surface of the roller may be position in the frame of the machineby adjusting-screwsf, or by other means suitable for adjusting the length of the rods with relation to the cylinder. The free ends of these bars or rods F are hooked or turned down, and their extremities are cut away or formed into triangular cams or keys f corresponding to the projections d of the rods D, with which keys, corresponding in number with the bars F and vrods D, each key representing an alphabetical letter or series of letters, charac ters, or signs. These keys are provided with stems g, and suitable meclninism-for pressing the free ends of the-bars F into contact with the projections 01 on the rods D within the grooves E as the cylinder B revolves, thereby operating to draw the rods D inwardly, as and v for the purpose hereinafter set forth. H is the type-wheel,which is keyed to the shaft A, so

- as to revolve with it and in the same direction as-the cylinder B. It may be provided with fixed type h, or with adjustable type carriers h, either or both; the latter having the same alphabetical letteror character, in different varieties or styles of type, arranged on its periphery, so that a letter in either variety of type may be brought into position for printing, as required.

.. 1 do not think it necessary herein toparticularly describe the construction and operation .of this adjustable'type-wheel as the same forms the subject of Letters Patent granted to me.v

As shown in the drawings, the type project from the side of the periphery of the wheel, in position to receive the blow of the printinghammer,as hereinafter described. I is the inking-roller, mounted upon a shaft, 1', secured to the frame of the machine.- The ink-roller -is kept in proper position by means of a rod, i, having a bent or hooked end, which is inserted in a groove, 17, formed in the end of This rod 13 may be adjusted so as provided with different-colored inks at difi'erent parts. so as to printwith different colors, No. 1 is a spur-wheel on one end if desired. ofthe shaft A, whichgears with a pinion mounted on ashaft secured to the frame of the machine. This pinion gears withanot-her pinion of the saine,size,-and which, in turn,

engages with the teeth of ,a large gear-wheel,

.4, mounted 0n.the shaft K. This particular train of gearing is not, however, necessary,

as by making the wheels 1 and 4 of sufficient v and proper size, and gearing them together,

the required result will be accomplished without the aid of the two pinions or the gearing may be dispensed with, and bands andpulleys substituted therefor. journalcd in proper hearings on the frame of the machine, andcarries a pinion, 5, on its inner end, L is a shaft arranged to revolve K. M is a worm gear or screw, keyed to the shaft L on a line with the shaft K, or it may be made to extend some distance along the shaft L. N is a toothed or ratchet wheel, provided with alargenumber of small teeth, and keyed to the shaft L, so as to revolve with it.

in position and insureits turninginthe proper direction, and also prevent too free motion. The pawl P is pivoted to a vertically-reciproeating rod,p, which passes through guideplates 20, secured to the frame of the machine and p is a spring, one end of which is secured to the rod 19, the other pressing against the pawl 19, to keep it in position engagedwith the ratchet-wheel N. Q is a lever, one

nected with the rod 19. q is a rod, one end pivoted to the lever Q, and the other to one end of ahorizontal lever, B. This lever B is pivoted centrally to the frame of the machine, audits free end, on the under side, is formed into a cam, r, the form of which is clearly shown in the drawings. This cam 'i" fits into one of the grooves, E, of the cylinder B, and is held in proper'working position by aspring, r. S represents the printing-hammer, one end of its shaft orarm being pivoted ;to a

machine, its other or free end. being formed into a disk, and provided with a pad of suitable material to soften the blow upon the type, 8 is another bracket, secured to the frame,

cushion, against which the shaft orarm of the hammer strikes when drawn back by the spring. 8 is a rod, one end pivoted to the with one arm of a lever, 8 which is pivoted hangers 8?, secured to the frame of the machine. The other end of the lever s is formed into a. cam, the peculiar form of which is shown by the drawings.

This cam portion of the lever s fits into the other or end groove, E, of cylinder B, and is operated in manner hereinafter set forth.

When not in use the hammer is kept from cont-actwith the type by-meansof a sprin g, s,

6 and 7 represent; two guide-rods, upon which the paper-carrying device is made to slide form, connected together by cross-bars with sufficient rigidity to insure necessary strength and firmness. t is a shaft, journalcd in the side plates t t, and provided with two or more The shaft K is in proper bearings at right angles to the shaft 7 O is a spring-clamp, the ends of which press against the sides of the wheel N, to keep it end pivoted to the frame, and the other con-' bracket, 8, firmly secured to the frame of the 7 its projecting vend provided with a pad or arm of the hammer, and the other connected by means of a bent shaft-,8, to brackets or 'the end of which hearsagainst the lever 8 back and forth. The paper-earrierTis formed of two side pieces or plates, t t, of suitable.

small rollers, 15 or wheels of rubber or other suitable elastic material; or, instead of elastic surfaces,"theperipheral surface of these rolls may be milled or provided'with small-teeth to form a'sli ghtl y.-roughened surface, and thus insure a regular and positive feed. t t are two sprln gs, the free ends of which bear against the wheels t the other ends being secured'to the i side plates 15. Springs 15 i may carry rollers so end of shaft t t is a lever,-one end pivoted to one of the platest, and the other connected by a link or rod, t, to another lever U,'which is pivoted to' the upper rod 6. t is a pawl,

pivoted to the lever 25 its end engaging with theratchet 8, it being held in contact with the ratchet by means of a spring, The

outerend of lever U is provided with a hau- 'dle or finger-piece, u, for operation, or the rod 6 itself may be made to turn, and thereby accompl sh the same purpose. The other end of this lever is connected with a crank-pin, a, the crank 10 being secured to the end of a rol tary or oscillating racloba-r, V, the ends of which are journaled in the side plates 15.. The

rack-bar V is provided with one or more teeth, '0, which may be made to gear with either the spur wheel 5 or the worm-gearM on shaft L, as desired. W is the roller which carries the paper, and from which it is unrolled, as required in the operation of the machine. It is provided with a series of pins or spurs, w, for

securing the endofthe paper to the rollers. is a rod or wire for guiding the ,paper'as it is unrolled. Z is the paper tobe printed i on V by the operation of the machine. Y

I have shown the machine with the mechanism arranged so that the type-wheel and cylinder revolve in a vertical plane, but it may be arranged so as to have the type-wheel revolve in a horizontal plane, or in an inclined position; or the type-wheel and cylinder may be made to revolve on different shafts and on different planes of motion, as found most desirable or convenient. I

I have also-shown the keys arranged to operate directly upon the hooked key-rods F, and in position on the top'or upper side of the ma chine; bnt they may be'arranged in a more convenient positiomlike the key-board of a piano-forte, and connected with therods by wires, or in any of the well-known ways, unnecssary here to describe.

The operation of the machine isas follows:

The necessary motive power being applied, so

as to cause the shaft A, cylinder B, and type wheel H to revolve at the required rate of speed, and the paper to be printed on being in position, we will suppose that the operator desires to print the letter A, or any other particular letter ,he presses upon the particular key G, which represents the letter, the hooked end of the correspondingbar F being thereby forced ordrawn downward or inward until the cam f? on its end enters and occupies the correspondingannular grooveE of the cylinder B. As the latter revolves, the cam f comes in contact with the projection d on the corresponding rod D, said projection d occupying the groove. The cam. ftwill then push or draw the rod D inwardly, within its longitudinal slotO, thereby bringing the beveled faces (1 and d on the other .endof the rod, so as to occupy the annulargrooves, E and E. In this position these beveled faces will, re-

spectively, come in contact: with the cams on the ends of the levers. R and "ad-the cam on R with dfland the cantons with d --the former actuating. the mechanism for adjusting or moving the paper-carrier transversel y from right to left, thelatter actuating the printing-hammer, so;as to'press the paper against. the type exposed upon the type-wheel for operation; both operations-that is,.the movement of the paper the required distance, and the movement of the printing-hammer so as to press the paper on the typebeingaccomplished simultaneously through pressure upon a single key. As soouyas the cam f? is released from the projection (1 the spring d on the end of the rod .D draws theilatter out to its former position, and the pressure being removed from the key G, the spring. f-"*,raises orwithdraws the bar F to its normal position;

The letters of the alphabet being of difi'erent sizes, one requiring more space onthepaper than another, itis necessary, in order to properly space the printed letters, thatthe paper should be moved different distances, or distances corresponding to the space required for each letter. V

t This adjustment or movement of the paper isaccomplished by having. the beveled faces 01 ou -the rodsD larger .or smaller, as the case may be, so that thecam end of the. lever B ismoved to a greater or'less extent, thereby, through the connecting mechanism, moving the paperfrom right to left the required distance to suit the difl'erent sizes of type.

To make the proper spaces between the words, I use a special key, bar, and reciprocating rod D differing-only from those already described in this, that the beveled face (1 on the rods 1), for operating the printinghammer, is omitted in the spacing-rod D. By pressing on the spacing-key the paper is moved-the :required distance without being printed upon.

For increasing the space between the letters, or causing them to be printed wider apart, (which is termed by printers theoperation of justifyingjlas is sometimes necessary near the end of a line, I usea special key, bar, and rod, D in which the beveled face corresponding to d of rod D, for operating the printing-hammer, is omitted, and the beveled and 'side'elevation of one of the rods D, Fig.

8 being a cross-section oh the line a: :20, Fig. 6,

' showing the form of the beveled surface d made to reciprocate, within the longitudinal grooves of the cylinder, they are pivoted or journaled, and when operated are made to turn so as to bring the bent portions (1 into contact with the free ends of the levers R 5 for operating the mechanism of the printinghammer and pa per-carrier in substantially the same'manneran'd with the same result accomplishedby the beveled faces 01 and d 'of rods D, .the turning of the rods being accomplished by pressure brought to bear on the projections 01, either by the operation of hooked-bars, similar to bars F, or by other suitable means.

The operation of the mechanism connected with the printing-hammer will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 3 of the drawings. We have seen that the hammer is acthated by means of the beveled surface d on rods D raising the cam end of lever The upper arm of this lever, being connected with the arm' of the hammer by the connectingrod 8 will cause the hammer to move out wardly, soas to press thepaper against the type, and when the cam end of the lever is released from. contact with the rod D, the

spring 8 draws the. hammer back or away from the paper.

The hammer moves with great rapiditythat is, the' blow is sudden, the time it is in contact with the paper being inappreciable, so that the revolution of the type-wheel does not require to be stopped .or arrested in order to receive the blow of the hammer on the type, the printing being accomplished while the wheel is moving at full speed, say two hundred revolutions'per minute, and the hammer moves. with sufficient rapidity to print all the letters of the alphabet during each revolution of the type-wheel, the different lengths of the rods D, or dilferent positions of the projections d on the rods D, permitting of this movement oithe hammer.

The operation of the mechanism for moving.

the paper-carrier from right to left, and for noving the paper vertically on the carrier, is as follows: We have seen that motion is imparted. to this mechanism by means of the rods D moving the cam end of lever B. The other end of the lever being connected with the vertical rod 1), a reciprocating movement is thereby imparted to the rod, carrying the pawl P with it. The pawl, engaging with the teeth-of ratchet-wheel N, thereby imparts an intermittent rotary motion to the shaft L and worm-gear M, and the latter,'gearin-g with one or other of the teeth 1; of the bar V, will .lnove the paper-carrier T from right to left "4' Watts I When the carrier has moved completely across, or when the end of the lineisreached,

or at any other point at which it is desired to reverse the carrier, the operator presses the handle or finger-piecea upward, thereby throwing the teeth '0 out of gear with the worm-gear M, and into gear with the spurwheel 5, the revolution of which carries the paper-carrier back from left to right.

- To commence a new line the operator presses the handle a downward,throwing the teeth v again into gear with the worm-gear M. At

thesame .time the downward movement of the handle a causes the pawl t to operate the ratchet-wheel S, and thereby turn the shaft t the rubber wheels on which cause the paper tomove upward the distance of one line, or any required distance, as this particular mechanism may be operated while all the other parts of the machine are at rest.

The paper unrolls from the roller W, and is kept taut by the rod and the springs 1,

Proper tension is given to the roller by springs or other devices, so as to prevent it unwinding too freely.

Paper prepared for the purpose, and the transfer-ink used by lithographers, may be used with this machine, and the proof, as printed, be transferred to lithographic stones.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of the cylinder B and cam-bars F with a series of sliding rods, D. provided with two beveled faces, 01 and d substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The rods D, cylinder B, and bars F, operating in combination with mechanism, substantially as described, to actuate the printing-hammer, in the manner substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. The rods 1), cylinder B, and bars F, operating, in combination with mechanism substantially as described, for operating the pa- I per-carrier, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. A- rod, D, provided with two cams or laterally-beveled faces, d and d, for the purpose of actuating the levers which operate the paperrarrier and printing-hammer, substantially as specified.

'5. A rod, D, constructed with two laterally beveled faces, (1 and d, and with a canrfacag d, in the manner substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. A spacing-rod, D, constructed with a single laterally-beveled face, (P, to operate the paper-carrier without actuating the printinghammer, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

7. The combination of a spacing-rod, D, having a laterally-beveled face, 11 and a camfor the purpose setforth.

173-658 T f 1 i face d with the cylinder B and. cam-bar F, substantially as audibr the purpose specified. I SQThe combination of thejustif'ying-rod D constructed with a single laterally-beveled face, d of diminished size, with the hammer S, actuating-rods D, cylinder B,and camhars t F, substantially as a'udfor the purpose speci- "fied. I I

9. In'a type-writing machine, the combinaof the alphabet, characters, or signs,and-op- Grating, in combination with a series of cam-.

"bars, F, substantially as andffor'thepurpose specified. r i I l t 11. Thecylinder B, having a series of, rods,

. D, a lspacing-rod, D and ajustifying-rod, D

. in combination with bars F,

u substantially as and forthe purposespecified. I

12. The cam-bars F, pivotedto the adjust- 1 able brackets f, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

13. The combinationof a rod, D, provided with twolaterallybeveled faces, d and d cam-face d and spring d, with a key, G, cam:

bar F, and cylinder B, substantially asand 14. The combination of aseries ofrods, D,

each being provided with two; laterally-beva. eledfiices, d and d", cam-face d andspringd,

with a cylinder, "B, anda seriesof keys, G, and cam-hers F,substantially as andi'or the purpose set forth. 9 l

15. In combination with' printing-hammer S, rod 8 and cam-lever 8 substantially as and for the purpose specified. I

. 16. The combination of bars F,cylinderB,

rods D, cam-lever s rod 8?, and printinghammer S, substantially as and-for the purpose specified. r l

17. The combination of hammer S, rods 8 lever and spring l ysubstantially as and for the p rpose specified. w l

18. In combination withthepaper-carrier T, the worm-gear M, ratehet'N, pawl P, rod 1 lever Q, rod q, and cam-lever R, substan tially as and for the purpose specified;

l 19. The combination 0t bars F, cylinder B,

rods'D, lever B, rod q, lever Q, rod p, pawl P,

ratchet N, and Worm-gear M, substantially as and for the purpose specified. i i 20. In a type writing or printing machine, the combination ofthe following instrumen-v talities, to wit: a printing-hammer, S, and paper-carrier T, operated simultaneously by for the purpose specified. i r, v 30. The combination of the levers U and ti,

ratchet 8, and pawl t and shaft 15 and' rollers,

substantially as and for the purpose specified.

pressure on a single finger-key by means of a l i bar, F, cylinder B, rod D, .and connecting mechanism,substantially described.

"21. In a type writing or printing machine, the combination of the following instrumen i talities,to wit: .aprinting-hammer, ,8, pape'rcarrier 1, and revolvingtype-wheel H, having adjustable type-carriers,-eaclroperatedl in the for: the purpose substantially; as,

, anner and set 'forth.

22. Ina typewritingor. printing machine 1 the combinationof thefollowing instrumen- I; t talities, to wit: a revolvingtype-wheel hav I ing'independent adjustable type-carriers and; printing-hammer, operated substantially as;

and for the purpose'specified.

v 23. In atypewritingorprinting. machine, thefcombination of the following instrumen talities,to wit :arevolving type-wheel having independent adjustabletype-carriers, print-f ing-hammer, and paper-carrier, operated substantiall y as and for the purpose specified.

24aTl1ecombination of a revolving type} wheel, H,p rinting-hammer S, cylinder B, slid ing rods -D,and cam-bars F, substantially as r and for the purpose specified. i

25; The combination ot fa revolving typewheel, H, printing-hammer S,"paper-earrier T, l

cylinder .B, sliding rods D, and cam-bars F,

substantially as and forthe purpose specified. 26. The ratchet-wheelN,operatingsubstan tially as described, incombination with the worm-gear M, adjustable rack-bar V, and pa:

per-carrier, substantially as andfor the pm,

pose specified. a

"27. The combination ofa paper-carrier with, i 1 an adjustable rack-bar,V, lever U, and crank H a, substantially; as and for the purpose fspecir i 28. The combination of the ler rl U, rack- I Y bar V, and spur-Wheel 5, substantiallyas and l for the purpose specified.

29. The combination of the ley'er UQrack- ,bar V, and worm-gear M, substantially as and 31. The shaft 1?, with elastic wheels, in com bination with springs t and roller W, sub-;

stantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony that I claim. theforegoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

enonen H. MORGAN.

Witnesses-z I D. G. STnART, Y GEO. R. MILB RN. 

